Polish cardinal born of nobility. 
 
LS - Letter Signed, one page 1880, as papal nuncio to France.  Addressed to the head of cabinet of the French Government. Merits further research.
 
Secretary to Pope Pius IX. Secretary of the Sac. Congr. of Studies; consultor, First Vatican Council; Secretary of the Sac. Congr. of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs; worked on the completion of the policies dealing with Kulturkampf (1878). Decorated Order of Carlos III. Admitted to the Sovereign Order of Malta as bailiff grand cross of magistral grace. Archbishop of Salamina (1879).  
 
Named papal nuncio to France 1879l prevented the rupture of the Concordat between the Holy See and the French government and avoided the liquidation of certain religious orders. Authored several books.